Australia s Current Beef Export Of Live Animals - 1722 Words

Recently there have been a number of questions raised here providing controversy surrounding the beef exporting industry in regards to the export of live animals. Animal activist groups and other like-minded people have protested against as to what they perceive to be cruel treatment in which the animals face from the minute they leave the farm to the moment they arrive at the foreign abattoir. Groups such as Animal Australia, exposing such cases where animals are being treated inhumanly from the ship to the abattoir. (Reference) Conversely there are other views that people†¦ who state that there is This report examines the arguments for and against live beef export. Australia’s current beef exporting position Currently, Australia is†¦show more content†¦(The expected Australian standards) The case for live beef export industry Live beef export refers to the transportation of live cattle from nation to another; Australian cattle mainly destined to be slaughtered overseas in countries such as Indonesia, Southeast Asia and the Middles East. (http://www.rspca.org.au/campaigns/live-export/live-cattle-exports) The Australian government has a responsibility to ensure that exporters maintain a high standard of animal welfare throughout the exporters chain, for the sake of the exported livestock, farmers, exporters and communities that rely on livestock for their livelihood. (http://www.agriculture.gov.au/export/live-animals/livestock/about) The livestock industry trade is a significant part of rural Australia and to the red meat industry. Since mid 70s the trade has grown considerably to become a part of Australia s agriculture export earnings. Being one of the largest exporters, generating around $700 million in direct export earnings in 2015. (http://www.agriculture.gov.au/animal/welfare/export-trade/benefits) Fig. 1 Australian live cattle exports and value (http://www.mla.com.au/NLRSReportDownload/LiveLink-25-Aug-2015.PDF) Figure. 1 Shows the amount of cattle that have been exported over the past 5 years and their value. There is a clear distinction, which shows that within the years that

Type 2 Diabetes Free Essays

string(74) " on a daily basis but still finds it hard to start healthy eating habits\." Living with Type 2 Diabetes Introduction Diabetes is a chronic disease that occurs either when the pancreas does not produce enough insulin or when the body cannot effectively use the insulin it produces. Insulin is a hormone that regulates blood sugar. Hyperglycemia, or raised blood sugar, is a common effect of uncontrolled diabetes and over time leads to serious damage to many of the body’s systems. We will write a custom essay sample on Type 2 Diabetes or any similar topic only for you Order Now No cure has been found for this disease. However, an important part of managing diabetes is maintaining a healthy weight through a healthy diet and exercise plan. Olokoba, Obateru, Olokoba, 2012) Type 1 diabetes (previously known as insulin-dependent, juvenile or childhood-onset) is characterized by deficient insulin production and requires daily administration of insulin. The cause of type 1 diabetes is not known and it is not preventable with current knowledge. Symptoms include excessive excretion of urine (polyuria), thirst (polydipsia), constant hunger (polyphagia), weight loss, vision changes, and fatigue. These symptoms may occur rapidly. Mosorovic, Brkic, Nuhbegovic, Pranjic, 2012) Type 2 diabetes (formerly called non-insulin-dependent or adult-onset) results from the body’s ineffective use of insulin. Type 2 diabetes comprises 90% of people with diabetes, and is largely the result of excess body weight and physical inactivity. Symptoms may be similar to those of Type 1 diabetes, but are often less obvious. As a result, the disease may be diagnosed several years after onset, once complications have already arisen. (Mosorovic, Brkic, Nuhbegovic, Pranjic, 2012) Diabetes is the seventh leading cause of death in the United States, affecting 25. million people of all ages (8. 3 percent of the U. S. population). Of the 25. 8 million affected people, 7. 0 remain undiagnosed. Diabetes is the leading cause of heart disease, stroke, kidney failure, lower-limb amputations, and new cases of blindness among adults in the United States. (http://diabetes. niddk. nih. gov) Meet Mrs. M, who was diagnosed with type 2 diabetes at the age of 35. Mrs. M is now 57 years old. She has learned that although there is no cure for type 2 diabetes, it can be managed. She is aware that in order to better manage this disease she needs to eat well, exercise, and maintain a healthy weight. Mrs. M has graciously agreed to be interviewed. We will learn more about her, how she copes with this disease, and her struggle in maintaining a healthy weight by incorporating healthy cooking in her lifestyle. I will use the five holistic variables within the Neuman Systems Model (NSM) to identify how Mrs. M’s internal and external environment are affected. I will also assess Mrs. M’s learning needs and provide a trustworthy and reliable resource from which she can benefit from. Physical Variable Mrs. M was diagnosed with type 2 diabetes at the age of 35 when she became pregnant with her last child. During a routine doctor’s visit, it was noticed Mrs. M was gaining a significant amount of weight. Around her 24th week of pregnancy, the doctor ordered she have a glucose test. The test showed a high level of sugar in her blood. The test was repeated and once again, it showed that her glucose level was higher than normal and there was also sugar in her urine. At that point, the doctor diagnosed her with gestational diabetes. In 1990, the only thing that was prescribed was that she begin administering a daily injection of insulin. This came as a completely shock to Mrs. M. She had never even heard of this thing called â€Å"diabetes†. Even more disturbing was the fact that she, and her unborn baby, was now carrying this disease. The doctor advised Mrs. M that although the glucose could reach and affect her baby, the insulin would not cross over to the baby. She was pleased with the news that once she delivered the baby, she would return to her normal diabetic state. The doctor informed Mrs. M the importance of checking her blood glucose and maintaining a healthy diet after the birth. This would help to reduce her chances of developing type 2 diabetes. Despite the recommendations, Mrs. M ended up developing type 2 diabetes. For the past 22 years, Mrs. M has been living with this chronic disease. Her medication has been changed several times throughout the years. At the moment, she is taking Glucophage 500mg and 4 units of Humilin in the morning. From the last time Mrs. M was seen by her primary care physician, these were her results: she weighed 170 pounds, blood pressure was 122/78, average blood sugar was 125 mg/dL, average hemoglobin A1c test (HbA1c) average was 5. 98%, her cholesterol and triglyceride levels were within normal limits, her kidneys were working well, and no obvious sores or infections of her feet or skin. Her last optometry visit showed no problems with her vision. She knows dental exams and cleaning are important and makes sure to visit the dentist every six months. In assessing Mrs. M’s physical variable, I determined that the lack of knowledge about diabetes as a major stressor. Mrs. M’s doctor visits have been a major resource. Socio-cultural Variable She is a traditional Mexican woman and her cooking or eating habits have never been a concern. She has always cooked traditional Mexican dishes, which are high in fat. She never learned to cook or eat healthy. It is a belief of Mrs. M that anything that is â€Å"low fat†, â€Å"nonfat†, or essentially â€Å"healthy† must not taste good. Mrs. M was recently laid off and is unemployed, leaving her with no insurance. She does not want to visit the doctor’s office because she says that it is too expensive. Not only does she have to pay for her medication, but also the doctor’s visit and the laboratory bill. This has given her motivation to try to lose weight. She does realize that if she loses weight, she could possibly be able to get off the medications she is on. At this point, she is walking on a daily basis but still finds it hard to start healthy eating habits. You read "Type 2 Diabetes" in category "Essay examples" She would like to learn how to maintain a healthy diet that she and her family can benefit from. It is hard for her to break free from all the foods she has loved all her life. However, she realizes it is necessary to make this drastic change in order to help her lose the weight. In assessing Mrs. M’s social-cultural variable, I determined that the lack of insurance as a major stressor. Mrs. M’s motivation and willingness to lose weight are major resources. Psychological Variable Just like everyone else, Mrs. M has good days and bad days. On most days, she feels motivated and hopeful that she will be able to better control her diabetes and get off her medicine. She goes on daily walks and really enjoys it when her daughter goes with her. She says that when her daughter goes on these walks with her, it makes the time go by fast and she really enjoys the time they spend together. These walks serve not only to lose weight but also as a distractor. Mrs. M uses this time to talk about her day and about life in general. However, there are days that are not so good for Mrs. M. There are days where she feels defeated and burned out by her diabetes. She feels like she is â€Å"old† now and her health is slowly declining. She has had this disease for so long now and doesn’t see any improvement. It has been a stagnant process for her and that really frustrates her. There are days when she gets angry that she can’t eat certain foods and that she has to take medications to be able lead a semi normal life. Some days, she feels like just giving up and letting God decide her faith. In assessing Mrs. M’s psychological variable, I determined her feeling of defeat is a major stressor. Mrs. M’s daily walks with her daughter are a major resource. Spiritual Variable Mrs. M is a devoted Catholic. She has complete faith in God, the Catholic Church, and the power of prayer. Mrs. M feels our whole universe isn’t controlled by human beings, but by God. Her life, past and future, lies solely in God’s hands. There is no question in her mind that there is an afterlife, where her soul and spirit will rise to and will go to a better place. She is not scared of death. She looks forward to the day when she will be at peace and free of worries and pain; a place where she will live eternally, full of happiness and joy. She anticipates the day when she can reunite with her father and be able to see him, talk to him, and hold him again. Mrs. M feels she has lived a gratifying and good life. She says she has been blessed to have had the opportunity to live and experience this thing we call â€Å"life†. She knows her disease has many health consequences and feels that if something happens to her, God made it happen for a reason. He controls her life and she is willing to accept what he has decided for her. In assessing Mrs. M’s spiritual variable, I determined that there is no stressor involved. Mrs. M’s faith in God is a major resource. Developmental Variable Stage of development Generativity vs. Stagnation is Erik Erikson’s second psychosocial development stage of adulthood and happens between the ages of 25-64. During this time, we establish our careers, settle down within a relationship, begin our own families and develop a sense of being a part of the bigger picture. We give back to society through raising our children, being productive at work, and becoming involved in community activities and organizations. By failing to achieve these objectives, we become stagnant nd feel unproductive. Mrs. M is in the Generativity stage. (Craven, Hirnle, 2009) Tasks of developmental stage Mrs. M is married with 4 grown children, and will celebrate her 36th wedding anniversary on December 14, 2012. Mrs. M was born in Jalisco, Mexico and moved to the United States when she was 21 years old. Her ideas and customs still remain traditional to the Mexican culture. Mrs. M was rais ed with the idea that family should come before everything, even herself. Mrs. M put her education on hold to be able to provide for her family, leaving her to work low paying jobs. She has worked her whole life to give her children the most and best she can. This has included working 12 to 14 hour shifts and then rushing home to make sure her kids had dinner and did their homework. She has always strived to keep her family happy, safe, and united. Her children are grown now and she maintains a good relationship with them. Now that her children are grown, she feels a sense of emptiness. She admits to feeling an overwhelming amount of sadness when thinking of how her house was once filled with her children’s laughter and now is so â€Å"empty†. There have been days when she feels she may be depressed. On these days she has to force herself to get out of bed and doesn’t feel like eating. She knows this is not good for her and affects her diabetes. She has noticed when she is feeling this way, her blood sugar drops. On the other hand, remembering all the precious times she has lived with her family brings a smile to her face. Mrs. M has always made her kids her number one priority and feels they have not let her down. Knowing that her kids are positive and productive members of society gives her a sense of accomplishment. She has a glow on her face every time she speaks of her kids. It makes her feel proud, loved, and special to know she has a family she can depend on, regardless of the situation. In assessing Mrs. M’s developmental variable, I determined that the depression she deals with is a major stressor. Mrs. M’s family is a major resource. Health Learning Needs After speaking with Mrs. M, her main concern is incorporating healthy meals and eating habits into her lifestyle. She feels cooking healthy is something she has always struggled with and would like to get more information as to how to cook healthy meals. Mrs. M has made it clear that she is a visual and hands on learner. She needs to †first see it and then do it† in order to better understand a task. Due to this information, I believe Mrs. M would benefit from a website that plays videos and has live demonstrations. Learning resource My recommendation to Mrs. M is that she visits the American Diabetes Association website at www. diabetes. org. This website has a lot of information that is helpful to anyone with type 2 diabetes. Mrs. M would benefit from the â€Å"Food and Fitness† tab. Under this tab she can find information on what type of foods she should be eating, healthy recipes, and helps in planning meals. There is also information about fitness and weight loss. There are great exercise ideas which will help Mrs. M get motivated to lose weight. This website offers live videos which will help with her visual learning need. Conclusion In summary, the NSM aims to promote a client’s optimal wellness. This model helps us see beyond just the objective clinical manifestations, which we are trained to observe. It helps us understand our clients on a whole new level, an interpersonal and holistic level. By completing an accurate NSM assessment, we see how culture, economic resources, spirituality, and family affect a client’s disease process. With the help of the NSM, I was able learn more about Mrs. M, assess her learning need, and provide a trustworthy and reliable resource from which she can benefit from. The www. diabetes. org website will teach her how she can maintain a healthy weight by incorporating healthy cooking in her lifestyle. References Olokoba, A. B. , Obateru, O. A. , ; Olokoba, L. B. (2012). Diabetes Mellitus: A Review of Current Trends. Oman Medical Journal, 27(4), 269-273. oi:10. 5001/omj. 2012. 68 Mosorovic, N. , Brkic, S. , Nuhbegovic, S. , ; Pranjic, N. (2012). Quality of life of people with Diabetes Mellitus. Healthmed, 6(7), 1076-1080. Demirbag, B. (2012). Neuman system model as a conceptual framework for community-based nurses when working with patients. Healthmed, 6(7), 2438-2445. Craven, R. F. , Hirnle, C. J. (2009). Fundamentals of Nursing. Philad elphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins. National Diabetes Information Clearinghouse (NDIC) (February 2011). Fast fact on Diabetes. Retrieved from http://diabetes. niddk. nih. gov/dm/pubs/statistics/#fast How to cite Type 2 Diabetes, Essay examples

E- Business and Opportunities for Retail Sector - myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theE- Business and Opportunities for Retail Sector. Answer: The Retail sector is the oldest and fastest growing sector in the world. Goods sale in the physical store direct to the consumer and not for resale. E- Business are gaining momentum in this ramified economic changing business environment. There are many changes in future that would surely result to better opportunity for the retailers. Online business in each and every filed are growing continuously in comparison with other off line business. However, these online businesses are accompanied by various demerits such as communication problem, timely delivery of goods and services and cyber-attacks. Although retail stores are traditional way to buy any goods by the consumer so they are profitable for both retailers as well as for consumer. Quality of goods is another measure concern while selling goods and services online to customers. There are many retailers, globally expanding their business by opening their stores worldwide through online marketing channels. Traditional retailers sh ift their business model and enlarge new attractive concept to focus large consumer. The most advantage of retailer stores are they give their consumer what they seeking for. It must be essential for the retail stores to digitize their store which meets the current as well as future need of the retailers (Zhu and Lin, 2015). Myer is the traditional style of departmental store which provide wider range of goods by providing men, women and childrens clothing, footwear and several kind of accessories. Myer is one of the best retail stores in Australia. It is the fastest growing retail store and expanding their business globally. By providing various facilities to the consumer Myer believes in customer satisfaction. Myer provide both physical as well as digital environment for the consumer (Choudhuri, 2014). It allows their consumer to interact with the physically available goods. Business retail stores need to allow their system to match with growing technology and update themselves by new systems to compete the future hurdles and with E-commerce. The technology can change and give easier way to meet their consumer to retail stores. This type of supermarket gives all kind of product in one roof and customer needs not to waste their time to look around for likely products. Social media is also the key featur e for the growth of the retail business as it may passes the quality and customer experience with other people (George Wynn, Turner and Lau, 2013). There are many retailers which newly come to retail store market and such type of competition is good for the future growth of the retail stores. As retail stores are very traditional in the market it is also less in cost in comparison with online products through online products includes delivery charges and other charges. The future retail stores are bringing more simplicity to available their product as nearest to the consumer. This type of large and huge supermarkets provides more ductility and aside the difference of offline and online business (Ahokangas, et al. 2014). Myer is going to adopt various types of new arrangements which may provide better facility to the consumer. One of the most important things of retail stores is that it provides representatives for displaying the product. It gives positive response to the consumer (A hokangas, Juntunen and Myllykoski, 2014). References Zhu, Z. and Lin, S. F. 2015. Entrepreneurial Perceptions and E-business Opportunity Discovery: Evidence from China. Choudhuri, P.S., 2014. Scope of E-business opportunity in life insurance sector: A study on life insurance corporation of India.South Asian Journal of Marketing Management Research,4(3), pp.95-106. George Wynn, M., Turner, P. and Lau, E., 2013. E-business and process change: two case studies (towards an assessment framework).Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development,20(4), pp.913-933. Ahokangas, P., Juntunen, M. and Myllykoski, J., 2014. Cloud computing and transformation of international e-business models. InA Focused Issue on Building New Competences in Dynamic Environments(pp. 3-28). Emerald Group Publishing Limited. Ahokangas, P., Matinmikko, M., Yrjola, S., Mustonen, M., Posti, H., Luttinen, E. and Kivimaki, A., 2014, April. Business models for mobile network operators in Licensed Shared Access (LSA). InDynamic Spectrum Access Networks (DYSPAN), 2014 IEEE International Symposium on(pp. 263-270). IEEE.

Physical Bullying Involve free essay sample

What can we do as a society to prevent bullying? Bullying is a widespread issue all over the United States that effects children, teens, and even adults. Bullying is very harmful to a person physically, mentally, and especially emotionally. Unfortunately, theres only so much we can do ourselves, to keep bullying from happening. The laws against bullying are thin and only go so far, which means only stopping so much of bullying. There are three types of bullying that all produce negative effects, short term and long term. These types of bullying are verbal, physical, and cyber bullying. Verbal and physical bullying involve saying mean things to the victim and personally putting a hand on them. Cyber bullying is different, this type of bullying is over the internet where the victim cannot see their bully. Surprisingly, cyberbullying is known to be the worst type of bullying. To prevent bullying as a whole, such actions need to be taken; stricter consequences, better policies, supervision, family education, and communication are necessary. We will write a custom essay sample on Physical Bullying Involve or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It is stated that in the USA, 1 out of every 7 students from grade k-12 has been a bully or has been bulled. Bullying is an ongoing problem and needs to be stopped as much as possible. More than 56% of students said that they have witnessed bullying. Shockingly, around 282,000 students become victimized of bullying each month. 90% of these victims have admitted that they have suffered negative side effects. Bullying at a young age has shown to be harmful, producing a major drop in grades, an increase of anxiety, and a loss of the victim’s social life. Even worse effects include self-harm and suicide. Studies show that at least 50% of adolescent suicides are related to bullying. An article on bullyingfacts. info called Alarming bullying statistics in the USA explains that the more alarming part of the recent bullying statistics is the growth of school bullying. This article also states that 77% of students are being bullied, and 23% of students who are in grade nine already carry a gun. Children shouldnt have to stress themselves in school worrying about being bothered by other children, while trying to focus on academics. Cyberbullying is said to be the newest form of bullying, and the victim is always left embarrassed or hurt by the harmful messages. In this bullying facts article, it states that 50% of teen have already been victims of cyberbullying and sadly only 1 in 10 teens report it to their parents. Cyberbullying is so hard to stop because it is easy to disguise yourself online, and most cases aren’t reported. Cyberbullying has recently been popular for causing teen suicides. How is bullying permanently harmful? Not only is bullying harmful to a person mentally, emotionally, and physically, but the effects of bullying can follow a person for the rest of their life. A recently new study shows that serious illnesses, poor social relationships, and struggling to hold down a job often spring from the effects of being bullied in the past. This study was published in the Psychological Science journal of the Association for Psychological Science, and Scientists Dieter Wolke of the University of Warwick and William E. Copeland of Duke University Medical Center conducted this research. Dr. Wolke claimed that â€Å"We cannot continue to dismiss bullying as a harmless, almost inevitable, part of growing up, we need to change this mindset and acknowledge this as a serious problem for both the individual and the country as a whole; the effects are long-lasting and significant. †, explaining that if bullying is not prevented the victims whole lives can be affected. It is shown that bully victims are 6 times more likely to develop a smoking habit, become diagnosed with a serious illness, and get diagnosed with a psychiatric problem compared to a person not exposed to bullying. Bully victims are also more likely to develop emotional issues, especially dealing with trust and vulnerability. Children don’t easily outgrow the effects of bullying, and therefore that weighs on the adults mental health later on in life. Another study, presented in 2010 at the Annual Convention of the American Psychological Association, found that bullies were at higher risk of substance abuse, depression, anxiety and hostility than non-bullies. Thus explaining that the bad behavior of the bully evolves and gets worse. Not only do we need to stop bullying to save the victims, but to save the bullies and anyone else involved in bullying too. What can we do to stop and prevent bullying from happening in the future? It’s evident that bullying still blatantly exists and is steady growing, especially in schools. A series of actions need to be taken in order to lower the bullying rate and prevent bullying altogether. School policies often enforce rules forbidding bullying, but often aren’t followed when a bullying incident occurs. Principals, administrators, and teachers need to strictly enforce the rules stated in the no bullying policy to make sure the students in school abide by these rules and stop bullying. Mission statements, a code of conduct, rules, and a bullying reporting system has said to be needed to help the prevention for bullying. They all establish an environment where this act is not acceptable. Supervision is also very valuable to stopping bullying. Many teachers or administrators don’t take the time out to actually observe the students interactions with one another which gives the children the freedom to bully one another. Being more observant in an environment where children and adolescence makes it easier to catch bullying and stop it. Engaging families and the communities can help prevent bullying by working together to send a unified message against bullying. Establishing a school safety committee is also important. Communication is always key, therefore it is always very important to talk to someone about bullying. Bullying cases should always be reported to teachers, administrators, and especially parents. To widely prevent bullying, spreading the word is key, talking to children and adolescence about bullying can help them better understand the concept and know what to do when they witness it or become victimized by bullying. Children often seek advice from elders so it is important that we keep that line of communication open. From about 2nd grade to my 9th grade of high school I was a victim of bullying myself. Still to this day I from the way bullying has affected me mentally and emotionally. Depression, insecurities, and difficulties in my social relationships are only a few of the effects that I experienced from bullying. Bullying may not seem like a big deal but its harmful and should be tackled before more innocent children and adolescence and victimized and traumatized. Taking action against bullying is a big step in order to stop this country wide issue. Creating rules, better supervision, educating the community, and communication are all things we can do as a community to start the prevention of bullying. No child should ever have to experience this painful, scarring experience. It’s time to make this the beginning of the end of bullying, let’s make a difference.

How Many Students Prep for the ACT

How Many Students Prep for the ACT SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips If you’re currently preparing for the ACT, you might be wondering how many other students are in the same boat. As you may have expected, you’re not alone - there are a lot of students out there who are trying to prepare for the ACT. In this post, I’ll go over exactly how many students take the ACT, before talking about the different methods of prep that these students use. How Many Students Take the ACT? The ACT is a very popular test with high school students. Over the past few years, it’s grown even more popular than the seemingly ubiquitous SAT. In 2015, more than 1.92 million students took the ACT, compared to about 1.7 million students who took the SAT. In total, about 59% of graduating seniors took the ACT this past year. The average score for these 1.92 million students? A composite score of 20. How Do Students Prepare for the ACT? Unfortunately, there aren’t any exit poll results available that illuminate how, exactly, students prepare for the test. We do know that there are a few different strategies students take in order to study for the ACT. Here, I'll go overthe major types of ACT prep that students use before talking a bit about their pros and cons. Independent Study Some students may prepare for the ACT independently if they don't have a lot of financial resources available to pay for more expensive methods. Independent study may also be effective for studentswho prefer working alone or who are self-motivated and disciplined. If you are up to the challenge of tackling ACT prep on your own, there are a lot of resources out there for you. There are a couple of key goals you should keep in mind. First, stick to a schedule. If you’re not accountable to anyone but yourself, it’s easy to fall behind in your work. No matter how good your intentions are when you start, you won’t prep to the best of your ability if you don’t give yourself enough time to prepare. For more info on setting a study timeline, read our 6-step guide to figuring out how long you should study for the ACT. Second, use the right materials. One of the hardest parts of studying effectively on your own is sifting through materials to figure out what’s useful and what isn’t. If you spend all of your energy preparing for the ACT, but you use materials that don’t help you learn to do well on the test, you’re unfortunately wasting your time. Start by checking out these top 10 recommended test books and complete official ACT practice tests. Private Tutor You might seek out a private tutor if you have large gaps in knowledge ortrouble with importanttest concepts. Independent tutors can give personalized, customized instruction on difficult ACT concepts and strategies. Meeting with a tutor can also help keep you on track as you prepare. Tutors can also be pretty expensive, and it’s hard to know ahead of time how effective they’ll be. I’d encourage you to read this guide to figure out whether it would be better to get a tutor or work independently. If you’ve pretty much decided on getting a tutor, learn more about how much they cost and what they actually do to help you prepare. Tutoring: very effective at its best, a waste of resources at its worst. In-Person ACT Prep Course In-person prep courses have set curriculums that help keep you accountable when it comes to sticking to a study plan. These may be good options for students who are pretty unfamiliar with the ACT and need a crash course to get familiar with the test. There are a few drawbacks to in-person courses, however. First, they're not customized to each student - you might be using your time inefficiently by reviewing things you don’t need to review, or not spending enough time on concepts you need more help with. Second, they focus more on test familiarity and strategy than on content, which is a drawback if you have weak content areas. Finally, they can be very expensive (depending, of course, on the program that you select). Online ACT Prep Course Students who want the flexible benefits of working independently + the added support of a study regimen may find what they're looking for with an online ACT prep course. There are a lot of different online prep options out there, all with different approaches, strengths, and weaknesses. In general, though, online courses have several things in common with each other: they make iteasier to set a study plan and stay on track, and theyprovide study contentwhich means you don’t have to dig around for it yourself. Ultimately, online courses will vary widely when it comes to quality and cost. It’s easy to make the same mistakes with these online prep courses that you may make with independent study - mainly, using ineffective materials or studying inefficiently. A good online course often comes with the benefits of independent work + in-person courses. What's the Best Way to Prepare for the ACT? This is the million dollar question, right? What’s the best way to make sure that you do as well as possible on the ACT? As you may have guessed after reading through the last section of this article, the answer will really depend on your own strengths, weaknesses, and goals. The most effective way to find a great ACT prep method may take some trial and error, but here are some starting points to get you on the right track: If you’re very self-motivated, generally pretty good at sticking to a schedule, and prefer working alone, independent study may be a good fit for you. If you perform better when you work one-on-one with an instructor, or you’re pretty frustrated with some core content and/or strategy areas, a private tutor might serve you well. If you’re looking for a true crash course on the ACT and like the idea of regular class meeting times, you might want to check out an in-person ACT prep course. If you need a little push to stick to a study plan, prefer flexibility in your prep work, and don’t want the hassle of finding your own prep materials, you should look into an online ACT prep course. The good news is that you can mix and match the above strategies to fit your specific needs. Maybe you want a short in-person crash course on the ACT before settling into independent study or an online prep course. Perhaps you supplement your primary study method with a few hours of work with a private tutor, just to get instruction on a difficult topic. Ultimately, there’s no one â€Å"best† method when it comes to preparing for the ACT - there’s only the method that’s best for you. Keep in mind that the best method might be a combination of some of the strategies listed above! To get more detailed infoon the pros and cons of different study methods, you should definitely check out our guide on the secret truths of ACT prep strategies. What's Next? Preparing for the ACT tends to be most effective when you give yourself plenty of time before the test, but perhaps you're working on a slightly tighter timeline. Not to worry - you can still get some good prep in! Check out these last-minute ACT prep programs, last-minute ACT tips, and last-minute ACT strategy guides. Maybe you have tons of time to prepare and want to get your score as high as possible. If this is the case, read our guide on how to get a perfect ACT score. Want to improve your ACT score by 4+ points? Download our free guide to the top 5 strategies you need in your prep to improve your ACT score dramatically. Have friends who also need help with test prep? Share this article! Tweet Francesca Fulciniti About the Author Francesca graduated magna cum laude from Harvard and scored in the 99th percentile on the SATs. She's worked with many students on SAT prep and college counseling, and loves helping students capitalize on their strengths. Get Free Guides to Boost Your SAT/ACT Get FREE EXCLUSIVE insider tips on how to ACE THE SAT/ACT. 100% Privacy. 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A Summary of Durkheims Division of Labor in Society

A Summary of Durkheim's 'Division of Labor in Society' French philosopher Emile Durkheims book The Division of Labor in Society (or De la Division du Travail Social) debuted in 1893. It was Durkheim’s first major published work, and it is the one in which he introduced the concept of anomie or the breakdown of the influence of social norms on individuals within a society. At the time, The Division of Labor in Society was influential in advancing sociological theories and thought. The Division of Labors Major Themes In the book, Durkheim discusses how the division of labor- the establishment of specified jobs for specific people- benefits society because it increases the reproductive capacity of a process and the skill set of the workmen. It also creates a feeling of solidarity among people who share those jobs. But, Durkheim says, the division of labor goes beyond economic interests: In the process, it also establishes social and moral order within a society. The division of labor can be effectuated only among members of an already constituted society, he argues. To Durkheim, the division of labor is in direct proportion to the moral density of a society. Density can happen in three ways: through an increase of the spatial concentration of people, through the growth of towns, or through an increase in the number and efficacy of the means of communication. When one or more of these things happen, says Durkheim, labor begins to become divided, and jobs become more specialized. At the same time, because tasks grow more complex, the struggle for meaningful existence becomes more strenuous. A major theme of the book is the difference between developing and advanced civilizations and how they perceive social solidarity. Another focus is how each type of society defines the role of law in resolving breaches in that social solidarity. Social Solidarity Durkheim argues that two kinds of social solidarity exist: mechanical solidarity and organic solidarity. Mechanical solidarity connects the individual to society without any intermediary. That is, society is organized collectively and all members of the group share the same set of tasks and core beliefs. What binds the individual to society is what Durkheim calls the collective consciousness, sometimes translated as conscience collective, meaning a shared belief system. With organic solidarity, on the other hand, society is more complex, a system of different functions united by definite relationships. Each individual must have a distinct job or task and a personality that is his own. Here, Durkheim was speaking specifically about men. Of women, the philosopher said: Today, among cultivated people, the woman leads a completely different existence from that of man. One might say that the two great functions of the psychic life are thus dissociated, that one of the sexes takes care of the effective functions and the other of intellectual functions. Framing individuals as men, Durkheim argued that individuality grows as parts of society grow more complex. Thus, society becomes more efficient at moving in sync, yet at the same time, each of its parts has more movements that are distinctly individual. According to Durkheim, the more primitive a society is, the more it is characterized by mechanical solidarity. The members of an agrarian society, for example, are more likely to resemble each other and share the same beliefs and morals. As societies become more advanced and civilized, the individual members of those societies become more distinguishable from one another. People are managers or laborers, philosophers or farmers. Solidarity becomes more organic as those societies develop their divisions of labor. The Role of Law Durkheim also discusses law extensively in this book. For him, the laws of a society are the most visible symbol of social solidarity and the organization of social life in its most precise and stable form. Law plays a part in a society that is analogous to the nervous system in organisms, according to Durkheim. The nervous system regulates various bodily functions so they work together in harmony. Likewise, the legal system regulates all the parts of society so that they work together in agreement. Two types of law are present in human societies and each corresponds to the type of social solidarity those societies use. Repressive law corresponds to the center of common consciousness and everyone participates in judging and punishing the perpetrator. The severity of a crime is not measured necessarily as the damage incurred to an individual victim, but rather gauged as the damage it caused the society or the social order as a whole. Punishments for crimes against the collective are typically harsh. Repressive law, says Durkheim, is practiced in mechanical forms of society. Restitutive Law as Restoration The second type of law is restitutive law, which instead focuses on the victim since there are no commonly shared beliefs about what damages society. Restitutive law corresponds to the organic state of society and works through the more specialized bodies of society, such as the courts and lawyers. This also means that repressive law and restitutory law vary directly with the degree of a society’s development. Durkheim believed that repressive law is common in primitive, or mechanical, societies where sanctions for crimes are typically made and agreed upon by the whole community. In these lower societies, crimes against the individual do occur, but in terms of seriousness, those are placed on the lower end of the penal ladder. Crimes against the community take priority in such societies, according to Durkheim, because the evolution of the collective conscious is widespread and strong while the division of labor has not yet happened. The more a society becomes civilized and the division of labor is introduced, the more restitutory law takes place. Historical Context Durkheim wrote his book at the height of the industrial age. Then, how people fit into Frances new social order surfaced as a principal source of trouble for the rapidly industrial society. The pre-industrial social groups comprised family and neighbors, but as the Industrial Revolution continued, people found new cohorts at their jobs, creating new social groups with coworkers. Dividing society into small labor-defined groups, says Durkheim, required an increasingly centralized authority to regulate relations between the different groups. As a visible extension of that state, law codes needed to evolve as well, to maintain the orderly operation of social relations by conciliation and civil law rather than by penal sanctions. Durkheim based his discussion of organic solidarity on a dispute he had with Herbert Spencer, who claimed that industrial solidarity is spontaneous and that there is no need for a coercive body to create or maintain it. Spencer believed that social harmony is simply established by itself, an idea with which Durkheim disagreed. Much of this book, then, involves Durkheim arguing with Spencer’s stance and pleading his own views on the topic. Criticism Durkheims primary objective was to evaluate the social changes related to industrialization and to better understand its ills. But British legal philosopher Michael Clarke argues that Durkheim fell short by lumping a variety of societies into two groups: industrialized and non-industrialized. Durkheim didnt see or acknowledge the wide range of non-industrialized societies, instead imagining industrialization as the historical watershed that separated goats from sheep. American scholar Eliot Freidson pointed out that theories about industrialization tend to define labor in terms of the material world of technology and production. Freidson says that such divisions are created by an administrative authority without consideration of the social interaction of its participants. American sociologist Robert Merton noted that as a positivist, Durkheim adopted the methods and criteria of the physical sciences to examine the social laws that arose during industrialization. But physical sciences, rooted in nature, simply cant explain the laws that have arisen from mechanization. The Division of Labor also has a gender problem, according to American sociologist Jennifer Lehman. She argued that Durkheims book contains sexist contradictions. Durkheim conceptualizes individuals as men but women as separate and non-social beings. By using this framework, the philosopher entirely missed out on the role of women have played in both industrial and pre-industrial societies. Sources Clarke, Michael. Durkheims Sociology of Law. British Journal of Law and Society 3.2 (1976): 246–55. Print.Durkheim, Emile. On the Division of Labor in Society. Trans. Simpson, George. New York: The MacMillan Company, 1933. Print.Freidson, Eliot. The Division of Labor as Social Interaction. Social Problems 23.3 (1976): 304–13. Print.Gehlke, C. E. Rev. . Columbia Law Review 35.4 (1935): 643–44. Print.of On the Division of Labor in Society, Emile Durkheim, George SimpsonJones, Robert Alun. Ambivalent Cartesians: Durkheim, Montesquieu, and Method. American Journal of Sociology 100.1 (1994): 1–39. Print.Kemper, Theodore D. The Division of Labor: A Post–Durkheimian Analytical View. American Sociological Review 37.6 (1972): 739–53. Print.Lehmann, Jennifer M. Durkheims Theories of Deviance and Suicide: A Feminist Reconsideration. American Journal of Sociology 100.4 (1995): 904–30. Print.Merton, Robert K. Durkheims Division of Labor in Society. American Journal of Sociology 40.3 (1934): 319–28. Print.

Webquest Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Webquest - Essay Example Other components that can enhance but are not essential to the WebQuest, according to Dodge, are making the WebQuest either single discipline-focused or multiple-disciplines-focused; incorporating elements to motivate participants; and the incorporation of group activities (Dodge). Question 2: Looking at actual WebQuests, it is clear that the outline provided by Dodge has been useful in defining the parameters of such exercises, and from their widespread adoption it can be said to that the format of the WebQuest had been instrumental in its efficacy as a teaching and learning protocol/strategy/program/plan. There is a high level of uniformity in the adoption of the critical elements in many of the WebQuests that I encountered for this exercise, with the exception of a few that also incorporated Teacher Advice and Credits sections on top of the key elements of the Introduction, Tasks, Process, Evaluation, and Conclusion. The Teacher Advice section seems to be helpful in theory, as far as providing additional, but important notes that Teachers can refer to when making use of the WebQuest, to enhance learning outcomes )(Dodge; Rogers; Creech; Smith-Rios). a. The WebQuest focuses on the use of the Web to find out differing versions of Cinderella in different parts of the world, designed to develop critical and analytical skills among students as they navigate through the process and prescribed references/steps. The WebQuest states that this is appropriate for a Language Arts class in Sixth Grade (Rogers) b. The students were made to go through several sources to help them develop an understanding of how to research and compare varying versions of the Cinderella story. The directions are clear and well-laid out, and further substantiated by the requirements in the Evaluation Crtieria (Rogers) c. The color scheme invokes